Haemophilus influenzae about haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of respiratory tract infections. Current and historical conditions indexed list of current and historical nationally notifiable conditions. First recorded in brazil in 1984, the socalled bpf clone of hae caused a fulminant disease that started with conjunctivitis but developed into septicemic shock. Apr, 20 non typable strains h influenza lacking capsule are non typable are most relevant in clinical infections outer membrane proteins omp of hib are classified into subtypes h influenza lipo polysaccharides are more complex genome of the organism is sequenced dr. Influenzae meningitis notifiable except in scotland. The food and drug administration fda licensed 4 haemophilus influenzae type b hib vaccines for use in the united states. Jul 02, 2019 haemophilus influenzae is a small 1 m. Haemophilus influenzae infections red book 2015 red book. Nov, 2015 conjugate hib vaccination was introduced into the uk routine childhood immunisation schedule in 1992.
Haemophilus influenzae type b hib is an obligate human pathogen and an important cause of invasive bacterial infections in both children and adults, with the highest incidence among young children. Prevention and control measures for invasive haemophilus influenzae disease twitter facebook linked in mail there is a safe and effective vaccine that protects against hib and it is recommended that all children are vaccinated before they are six months old, with a booster dose around the age of one. In 1996, the single hib vaccine was replaced by a diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b dtphib combination. May 31, 20 before the introduction of effective vaccines, haemophilus influenzae type b hib was the before introduction of vaccines. Hib disease is a contagious condition caused by the bacteria haemophilus influenzae type b. Hps website green book chapter on immunisation updated. This pgd is for the administration of haemophilus influenzae type b and. History and development of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. Haemophilus influenzae infections red book 2015 red. Changes have been made to the immunisation schedule for children born on or after 1 st january 2020, see 12 weeks.
Find out about public health englands management of hib. It can be confirmed by detecting the bacteria in blood, spinal fluid, or other body fluid. New vaccines have been introduced against meningococcal group c and pneumococcal infections which are the cause of serious diseases. Because it is highly contagious among people in close contact with. Hemophilus influenzae is a gramnegative bacillus that inhabits the upper respiratory tract and can cause otitis media, epiglottitis, and meningitis, and usually enters the lung through aspiration or hematogenous spread. The green book national health service uk and the red book published by the american academy of pediatrics. History and development of haemophilus influenzae type b. Guidelines for nurses is free for ukbased doctors, nurses, and pharmacists signup nowit takes just a few minutes and youll get unlimited access to all of our content, including summaries, expert articles, tools and resources, and cpd modules. Haemophilus influenzae type b hib causes pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, cellulitis, otitis media, purulent pericarditis, and less commonly, endocarditis, endophthalmitis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, and gangrene. Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium that can cause a variety of serious diseases, including sepsis bloodstream infection, meningitis inflammation of the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord, pneumonia, and epiglottis inflammation of and swelling of the cartilage that covers the windpipe. Haemophilus influenzae b infection is caused by a contagious bacteria. To see the most up to date version of this guideline, see the full guideline on the phe website. Six typeable capsular serotypes af are known to cause.
Hib infections used to be a serious health problem in the uk, but the routine immunisation against hib, given to babies since 1992, means these infections are now rare. Influenza april 2019 19 influenza the disease influenza is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract. Haemophilus influenzae can cause serious invasive disease, especially in. Factsheet about invasive haemophilus influenzae disease. Phe uk immunisation schedule green book chapter 11 phedh. Hariadi ni, zhang l, patel m, sandstedt sa, davis gs, marrs cf, gilsdorf jr 2015 comparative profile of heme acquisition genes in diseasecausing and colonizing nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus haemolyticus. Six typeable capsular serotypes af are known to cause disease. For more information on haemophilus influenzae type b hib immunisation, including updates, please refer to the public health england phe green book, chapter 16.
The family also includes pasteurella and actinobacillus, two other genera of. Prevention and control measures for invasive haemophilus. Haemophilus influenzae is a nonmotile gramnegative rodshaped bacterium. Lineagespecific virulence determinants of haemophilus. Ive been thinking about an interesting organism lately, an organism that illustrates some basic principles in sciencebased medicine. Of these, an average of 398 approximately 16% per year were among children younger than 5 years of age. The flu chapter of the green book has been updated to reflect the latest guidance from the joint committee on vaccination and immunisation in readiness for the 2015 to 2016 influenza season.
Haemophilus definition is any of a genus haemophilus of nonmotile, gramnegative, rodshaped bacteria that include several important pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae associated with meningitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, and otitis media. Influenzae meningitis notifiable except in scotland the disease. The updates reflect all of the recent changes to the routine childhood immunisation schedule as well as those to the adult programme. Sign in or purchase a subscription to access this content. Immunisation against infectious disease paediatric care online. Nontypable strains more commonly cause infections of the. The hibmenc conjugate vaccine is made from capsular polysaccharides of haemophilus influenzae type b and neisseria meningitidis capsular group c, which. Haemophilius influenzae b hib is a bacteria that can cause serious infection in humans particularly in children, but also in individuals with weakened immune system. Kinetics of antibody persistence following administration of. Aug 20, 2014 haemophilus influenzae is a nonmotile gramnegative rodshaped bacterium. It is spread through contact with mucus or droplets from the nose or throat, as when people cough, kiss, sneeze, or share personal items like drinking cups and toothbrushes. Because it is highly contagious among people in close contact with one another, antibiotics were traditionally used to. The incidence of severe haemophilus influenza infections, such as sepsis and meningitis, has declined substantially since the introduction of the h.
Haemophilus influenzae, a gram negative coccobacillus, is divided into unencapsulated nontypable and encapsulated strains. Phe uk immunisation schedule green book chapter 11. Haemophilus influenzae b hib monroe county, michigan. Invasive disease is usually caused by encapsulated strains of the organism. At 7 weeks she became acutely miserable, stopped feeding and her mother felt that she was very warm. The green book has the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures. Immunisation against infectious disease the green book. About hib vaccine haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine cdc. The kinetics of antibody persistence following the administration of a combination meningococcal serogroup c and haemophilus influenzae type b hib conjugate vaccine menitorix in the second year of life in children primed with two doses of one of three monovalent meningococcal serogroup c mcc vaccines was investigated.
Haemophilus definition of haemophilus by merriamwebster. There are many different strains or types of haemophilus influenzae, including type b hib. During an outbreak of influenza he found the bacteria in sputum of patients and. So i went online and checked how many publications there were on haemophilus infection 40 years ago. An emergent clone of haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius hae is responsible for outbreaks of brazilian purpuric fever bpf. However, following the addition of hib vaccine to the national immunisation schedule in 1994, the agespecific rate of the disease reduced from 36. Public health england updated the uk immunisation schedule the green book chapter 11 in january 2020. Haemophilus influenzae an overview sciencedirect topics.
Haemophilus influenzae type b hib is a bacterial infection that can cause a number of serious illnesses, particularly in young children. Haemophilus influenzae can cause serious invasive disease, especially in young children. Haemophilus influenzae nontype b what is haemophilus influenzae nontype b. The b subtype of haemophilus influenzae is more virulent than the other subtypes because it is surrounded by a polysaccharide carbohydrate capsule that allows it to evade capture by the immune system. Haemophilus influenzae, the major pathogen, can be separated into encapsulated or typable strains, of which there are seven types a through f including e based on the antigenic. Haemophilus influenzae wisconsin department of health services.
Apr 23, 2019 chapter 11 of the green book, which addresses immunisation in the uk for public health professionals, has been fully updated. Haemophilus influenzae is transmitted by direct contact with respiratory droplets from a nasopharyngeal carrier or an infected patient. Haemophilus influenzae type b hib immunisation against. Gnn genetics and genomics timeline genome news network. In rare cases, it can cause meningitis inflammation around the spinal cord and brain. Before the introduction of effective vaccines, haemophilus influenzae type b hib was the before introduction of vaccines.
Haemophilus influenzae, invasive disease summary nndss. The bacterium haemophilus influenzae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children, particularly in those under six years of age. Haemophilus species medical microbiology ncbi bookshelf. Haemophilus influenzae type b invasive disease ministry of. Haemophilus influenzae formerly called pfeiffers bacillus or bacillus influenzae is a gramnegative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic pathogenic bacterium belonging to the pasteurellaceae family.
Nontype bencapsulated strains present in a similar manner to type b infections. Guidance on haemophilus influenzae can be found below. Conjugate hib vaccination was introduced into the uk routine childhood immunisation schedule in 1992. Learn about the types, composition, immunogenicity, and efficacy of these vaccines, as well as view package inserts, below. The latter are further classified into serotypes, with the haemophilus influenzae serotype b being the most pathogenic for humans, responsible for respiratory infections, ocular infection, sepsis and meningitis. Haemophilus influenzae type b colonizes the respiratory tracts of many healthy people without causing disease. Jan 12, 2014 hib disease is a contagious condition caused by the bacteria haemophilus influenzae type b.
Public health significance and occurrence of haemophilus influenzae infections before the introduction of hib vaccine to the routine immunisation schedule in 1993, hib disease was the most common serious invasive bacterial infection in. Haemophilus influenzae is a small, nonmotile gramnegative bacterium in the family pasteurellaceae. Immunisation schedule treatment summary bnfc content. The flu chapter of the green book has been updated to reflect the latest guidance from the joint committee on vaccination and immunisation in readiness. Haemophilus influenzae georgia department of public health. Division of disease control what do i need to know.
Historically, haemophilus influenzae type b hib was an important cause of serious illness in children under 5 years of age in new zealand. The vaccine often comes as hibmenc, which is a combination of hib and meningococcal c vaccines. Hib is a very nasty bug that can cause many infections including pneumonia and meningitis. Risk of vaccine failure after haemophilus influenzae type b hib combination vaccines with acellular pertussis. The diagnosis is often suspected based on the history and the physical exam. Chapter 11 of the green book, which addresses immunisation in the uk for public health professionals, has been fully updated. The organism is called haemophilus influenzae h flu, a gramnegative bacterium discovered in the late 19th century. Non typable strains h influenza lacking capsule are non typable are most relevant in clinical infections outer membrane proteins omp of hib are classified into subtypes h influenza lipo polysaccharides are more complex genome of the organism is sequenced dr. Some strains of h influenzae possess a polysaccharide capsule, and these strains are serotyped into 6 different types af based on their biochemically different capsules. Since the last edition of immunisation against infectious disease the green book, the immunisation programme has seen a number of changes, to both the vaccination schedule and to peoples attitudes to vaccination.
1297 650 124 1398 662 115 188 1391 558 1369 575 955 927 258 361 466 406 295 380 147 1592 93 278 578 841 362 866 897 916 892 710 1193 223 1223 1230 532 367 926